1865

Years: 1862 1863 1864 - 1865 - 1866 1867 1868

Decades: 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s

Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1865 in art 1865 in literature 1865 in music 1865 in science 1865 in sports List of state leaders in 1865 List of religious leaders in 1865

Table of contents

1 Events 2 Undated 3 Births 4 Deaths

Events

• January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
• February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
• February 22 - Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery.
• March 3 - The United States Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau
• March 13 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America reluctantly agrees to the use of African American troops.
• March 18 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time
• March 19 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle on the 21st the Confederate forces had retreated from Greenville, North Carolina.
• March 25 - American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman from the Union.
• March 29 - American Civil War: Battle of Appomattox Court House begins
• April 1 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
• April 2 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia which is taken the next day.
• April 6 - German Chemicals producer, Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik(BASF) founded in Mannheim.
• April 9 - American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the American Civil War.
• April 14 - US President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.
• April 21 - German Chemicals producer BASF moves its headquarters and factories from Mannheim to the Hemshof district of Ludwigshafen.
• April 26 - Union cavalry corner John Wilkes Booth and cavalryman Boston Corbett shoots the assassin dead.
• April 26 - American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina.
• April 27 - The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi River, killing 1,700, most of whom were Union survivors of the Andersonville Prison.
• May 1 - Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed - War of the Triple Alliance is already going
• May 10 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia.
• May 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch - In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the civil war ends with a Union victory.
• May 23 - Parade down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC to celebrate the ending of the American Civil War.
• May 25 - Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes.
• June 2 - American Civil War ends - Forces under Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at Galveston, Texas, becoming the last to do so.
• June 11 - Brazilian navy squadron defeats Paraguayn navy at Riachualo
• June 23 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
• July 2 - Salvation Army founded in Whitechapel, London
• July 5 - William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the Salvation Army).
• July 21 - In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
• July 27 - Welsh settlers arrive in Argentina at Chubut Valley.
• December 24 - Several US Civil War Confederate veterans form the Ku Klux Klan.

• Gregor Mendel formulates his theories of Mendelian inheritance- they are mainly ignored for years.
• US Secret Service founded
• A forest fire near Silverton, Oregon destroys about one million acres (4,000 km²) of timber.
• Leopold II becomes King of Belgium
• Last volume of Annals of Joseon Dynasty published.

• February 19 - Sven Hedin, scientist and explorer (+ 1952)
• March 15 - Edith Maude Eaton, writer (+ 1914)
• March 19 - William Morton Wheeler, american entomologist and ethologist
• May 25 - Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Prize winner (+ 1943)
• May 26 - Robert W. Chambers, artist (+ 1933)
• June 3 - King George V of the United Kingdom
• June 9 - Albéric Magnard, composer
• August 24 - King Ferdinand of Romania
• August 27 - James Henry Breasted, Egyptologist (d. 1935)
• October 1 - Paul Dukas, French composer
• October 26 - Benjamin Guggenheim, businessman, went down on Titanic
• December 8 - Jean Sibelius, composer

• April 1 - John Milton, governor of Florida
• April 2 - A.P. Hill, Confederate general
• April 15 - Abraham Lincoln, US President
• April 26 - John Wilkes Booth, actor and assassin of Abraham Lincoln
• October 18 - Lord Palmerston, Prime Minister of Britain
• November 12 - Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist, biographer
• November 28 - William Machin Stairs, Nova Scotia businessman, statesman
• December 10 - Leopold I of Belgium.
• James Barry, British military surgeon